INDUSTRIAL FAULT INDICATION SYSTEM
Project Overview
To measure
the voltage, current, and resistance we need to design analog circuits. These
analog circuits measure these three parameters and ready to corresponding
outputs.
The outputs of these analog circuits are to be
connected ADC, this ADC is connected to micro controller so that it can acquire
desired parameter. The set point is predefined in the program whenever the set
point exceeds or the reading below the set point of temperature dc motor comes
into the on condition. Similarly green and red led’s indicates the voltage.
These readings can then display on the LCD display.
Block Diagram
Hardware:
- Micro controller
- ADC
- Lm 35(temp sensor)
- Lcd
- Leds
MICROCONTROLLER
AT89S52:
The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS
8-bit microcomputer with 8Kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only
memory (PEROM). The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed
in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a
versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a
powerful microcomputer, which provides a highly flexible and cost-effective
solution to many embedded control applications.
Features:
• 8K Bytes of In-System
Reprogrammable Flash Memory
• Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase
Cycles
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz
to 24 MHz
• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
• Eight Interrupt Sources
• Programmable Serial Channel
• Low-power Idle and Power-down
Modes
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):
Liquid crystal display a type of display used in digital
watches and many portable computers.LCD displays utilize two sheets of
polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric
current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light
cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either
allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.
The liquid
crystals can be manipulated through an applied electric voltage so that light
is allowed to pass or is blocked. By carefully controlling where and what
wavelength (color) of light is allowed to pass, the LCD monitor is able to
display images. A back light provides LCD monitor’s brightness.
Other advances have allowed LCD’s to greatly reduce liquid crystal
cell response times. Response time is basically the amount of time it takes for
a pixel to “change colors”. In reality response time is the amount of time it
takes a liquid crystal cell to go from being active to inactive. Here the LCD
is used at both the Transmitter as well as the receiver side. The input which
we give to the microcontroller is displayed on the LCD of the transmitter side
and the message sent is received at the receiver side which displays at the
receiver end of the LCD and the corresponding operation is performed.
They make complicated equipment easier to operate. LCDs come
in many shapes and sizes but the most common is the 16 character x 4 line
display with no backlight. It requires only 11 connections – eight bits for
data (which can be reduced to four if necessary) and three control lines (we
have only used two here). It runs off a 5V DC supply and only needs about 1mA
of current. The display contrast can be varied by changing the voltage into pin
3 of the display.
Light Emitting Diode (LED):
A
light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that emits incoherent
narrow spectrum light when electrically biased in the forward direction of the
pn junction, as in the common LED circuit. This effect is a form of
electroluminescence.While
sending a message in the form of bits such as 1,the data is sent to the
receiver side correspondingly the LED glows representing the data is being
received simultaneously when we send 8 as a data the LED gets off .
AD Converter:
The Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3204/3208devices are
successive approximation 12-bit Analog to Digital (A/D) Converters with
on-board sample and hold circuitry. The MCP3204 is programmable to provide two
pseudo-differential input pairs or four singleended inputs. The MCP3208 is
programmable to provide four pseudo-differential input pairs or eight
singleended inputs. Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) is specified at ±1 LSB,
while Integral Nonlinearity (INL) is offered in ±1 LSB (MCP3204/3208-B) and ±2
LSB (MCP3204/3208-C) versions. Communication with the devices is accomplished
using a simple serial interface compatible with the SPI protocol. The devices
are capable of conversion rates of up to 100 ksps. The MCP3204/3208 devices
operate over a broad voltage range (2.7V - 5.5V). Low current design permits
operation with typical standby and active currents of only 500 nA and 320 μA,
respectively. The MCP3204 is offered in 14-pin PDIP, 150 mil SOIC and TSSOP
packages. The MCP3208 is offered in 16-pin PDIP and SOIC packages.
Power
Supply Unit
The power
supply unit is used to provide constant 5 V dc supply to the peripherals. The
230 V ac is converted into 9 V ac by using a transformer and then a bridge
rectifier rectifies it to a 9 V dc with ac ripples. This is then filtered by
electrolytic capacitors used across the rectifier output. LM7805 regulator is
employed to obtain a constant 5 V dc at the output.
LM35
The LM35 series are precision
integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly
proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage
over linear temperature sensors calibrated in ° Kelvin, as the user is not
required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain
convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration
or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1⁄4°C at room temperature and
±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to +150°C temperature range. Low cost is assured by
trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear
output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control
circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with
plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 μA from its supply, it has very
low self-heating, less than 0.1°C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a −55° to +150°C temperature range, while
the LM35C is rated for a −40° to +110°C range (−10° with improved accuracy).
The LM35 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages,
while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92
transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount
small outline package and a plastic TO-220 package.
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