GSM BASED AUTOMATIC WIRELESS POWER METER READING RECORDING AND INFORMATION SYSTEM

AUTOMATIC POWER METER READING USING GSM NETWORK

The main aim of this project is to monitor and record the power meter reading and send the information to the mobile by using GSM technology about the power meter reading .

Now-a-days technology has developed to a large extend. At the same time the need for systems with automation and high security are preferred. So, by using one of the best technologies available i.e. GSM we are designing an automatic power meter reading system for commercial and domestic purposes. Traditional meter reading for electricity consumption and billing done by human operator from houses to houses and building to building. This requires huge number of labor operators and long working hour to achieve complete area reading and billing. Human operator billing are prone to   reading errors as  sometime the houses electricity power meter is placed in location where it is not easily accessible . Labor billing job is sometime also restricted and is slowed down by bad weather conditions. By using this project we can avoid such problems. 

This project is aimed to develop a system to provide security by intimating the condition in the form of SMS by making use of GSM technology. In this project we have two sections.

In section 1 For measuring energy consumed by the user we are going to use one digital energy meter, at the same time as it uses 1unit the count will be displayed in LCD And that particular data is stored in the eeprom. When ever the request sms received. Then, it will send the consumed number of units (meter reading) information to another section. The main objective of this project is to design a prepaid energy meter system with the help of GSM technology. In this project we are using bulbs as a load. On LCD we are going display No of units consumed in this hour.

Section 1:

In section 2 (electricity board section) this section is placed in electricity board. Here we are using the lpc2148 controller so internally rtc is there in this controller. By using this rtc hourly once we are sending the request sms to the section 1 to get the information about power meter reading. Then it will calculate the amount and sends that information to the consumer mobile (sms) through gsm modem. Here we are maintaining the last month details in a data base (in eeprom).

Section 2:

 

 Every system is automated in order to face new challenges in the present day situation. Automated systems have less manual operations, so that the flexibility, reliabilities are high and accurate. Hence every field prefers automated control systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are doing better performance.  

Probably the most useful thing to know about the global system for mobile communication is that it is an international standard. If you travel in parts of world, GSM is only type of cellular service available. Instead of analog services, GSM was developed as a digital system using TDMA technology.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS:

·       Microcontroller

·       Power supply

·       GSM

·       Relay

·       Energy Meter

·       LCD

·       Buzzer

·       Opto coupler

·       keys

SOFTWARE TOOLS:    

·       Keil micro vision

·       Embedded C

·       Express PCB

APPLICATION :

            This project is very effective and can be used for recording the energy consumed by user.

DESIGN OF A ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS MEDICAL MONITORING SYSTEM WITH VOICE FEEDBACK

DESIGN OF A ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS MEDICAL MONITORING SYSTEM

AIM:

The main aim of this project is used  Monitoring Terminal and it  can detect the patient’s real-time body temperature, heart rate and other physiological information’s, and transmit them to the control center and give voice acknowledgements.

PURPOSE:

Now days the fast development and popularization of information processing and wireless data transmission technology, the research of wireless Medical Monitoring System has became a hot topic with the help of biomedical sensors. By utilizing the wireless technique to transmit information between medical sensor and monitoring control center and give voice acknowledgements in up normal conditions, the free space of patients is enlarged, and the efficiency of the modern management of hospitals is improved.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

TRANSMITTER SECTION :

RECEIVER SECTION :

DESCRIPTION:

Now a day with the increase of biomedical sensor we are going into this process of detecting the patient’s real-time body temperature, heart rate and other physiological information’s .Coming to the main core of wireless medical monitoring system is the design of wireless monitoring terminal, and the development of system software. The monitoring terminal generally consists of three modules: the sensor module, the control module, and the wireless communication module. The sensor module is used for acquiring medical information from the outside, and then converts them to digital signals. The control module is often compared to the brain of monitoring terminal, which is in charge of coordinating the task of different modules, controlling the sensors, processing data, and executing communication protocols. The wireless communication module mainly deals with the wireless transmission of information. Nowadays, there are various kinds of wireless communication protocols. But since the main task of a monitoring terminal is to realize the transmission of signals such as heart rate, body temperature, and calling signals the data traffic is not heavy. Moreover, because the monitoring terminal is worn on patients, which needs to be supplied by battery, it puts a high demand on the reducing of power dissipation of wireless transmission module. Having taken these comprehensive factors into consideration, this paper chooses the ZigBee technology as the wireless communication protocol. ZigBee technology is a shortrange, low-rate, low-power wireless communication technology.

TECHNOLOGY:

ZIGBEE:

Zigbee is new wireless technology guided by IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Network standard. It is primarily designed for the wide range controlling applications and to replace the existing non-standard technologies. It currently operates in 868 MHz band at a data rate of 20Kbps in Europe, 914MHz band at 40kbps in USA, and the 2.4GHz ISM bands Worldwide at a maximum data-rate of 250kbps. It is used to verify whether user’s truncation is possible or not. One of the main advantages of this ZIGBEE communication is that it provides a noise free communication, the amount of noise added in this type of communication is very less compared to the other wireless communications.

HARDWARE USED:

·       Microcontroller

·       Power supply

·       ZIGBEE

·       Pulse sensor, Temperature sensor

·       PC

·       LCD

·       VOICE FEEDBACK SYSTEM

·       Power Supply

SOFTWARE USED:

·       flash magic

·       Embedded C

·       Express PCB

RESULT:

Hence, by implementing this project the monitoring terminal can precisely check the heart rate and body temperature of patients, and send them to coordinator and then surveillance center through wireless network and give voice acknowledgements,.

4 DIGIT COUNT DOWN TIMER USING LCD

                   Countdown Timer Using LCD

A countdown timer is a down counter that counts from a specified time to zero. It is used in many devices such as washing machine, televisions, microwave ovens, etc. This countdown timer has three states: the running state where it counts down, the pause state where it displays the paused time and the reset state to set the countdown.

In previous post two digit count down timer was described.In this post it modified for 4 digit count down timer.I have developed this count down timer as part of my another project.This  count down timer count from 9999 to zero. This can be used as count down timer in hours or minutes or seconds by adjusting the delay value.For count down in minutes delay value will be 6000.Also the maximum value of count down can be change in program.The reset switch will reset the count down timer.Main parts of the project are microcontroller AT89C51and LCD,5v Regulated power supply.

Microcontroller AT89C51:

Microcontroller AT89C51 is at the heart of the circuit. It is a low power, high performance, 8-bit microcontroller with 4 kB of flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM) used as on-chip program memory, 128 bytes of RAM used as internal data memory, 32 individually programmable input/output (I/O) lines divided into four 8-bit ports, two 16-bit programmable timers/counters, a five-vector two-level interrupt architecture, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. A 11.0592MHz crystal (XTAL1) is used to provide basic clock frequency for the microcontroller. Capacitor C3 and resistor R3 form the power-on reset circuit, while push-to-on switch S20 is used for manual reset.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):

Liquid crystal display a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computers.LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.

The liquid crystals can be manipulated through an applied electric voltage so that light is allowed to pass or is blocked. By carefully controlling where and what wavelength (color) of light is allowed to pass, the LCD monitor is able to display images. A back light provides LCD monitor’s brightness.Other advances have allowed LCD’s to greatly reduce liquid crystal cell response times. Response time is basically the amount of time it takes for a pixel to “change colors”. In reality response time is the amount of time it takes a liquid crystal cell to go from being active to inactive. Here the LCD is used at both the Transmitter as well as the receiver side. The input which we give to the microcontroller is displayed on the LCD of the transmitter side and the message sent is received at the receiver side which displays at the receiver end of the LCD and the corresponding operation is performed.

They make complicated equipment easier to operate. LCDs come in many shapes and sizes but the most common is the 16 character x 4 line display with no backlight. It requires only 11 connections – eight bits for data (which can be reduced to four if necessary) and three control lines (we have only used two here). It runs off a 5V DC supply and only needs about 1mA of current. The display contrast can be varied by changing the voltage into pin 3 of the display.

 Power Supply Unit

The power supply unit is used to provide constant 5 V dc supply to the peripherals. The 230 V ac is converted into 9 V ac by using a transformer and then a bridge rectifier rectifies it to a 9 V dc with ac ripples. This is then filtered by electrolytic capacitors used across the rectifier output. LM7805 regulator is employed to obtain a constant 5 V dc at the output.

 Count Down Timer Using LCD Program:

#include<reg51.h>

#define cmdport P3

#define dataport P2

sbit rs = cmdport^0;  //register select pin

sbit rw = cmdport^1;  // read write pin

sbit e = cmdport^6;  //enable pin

void delay(unsigned int msec)  // Function to provide time delay in msec.

{

int i,j ;

for(i=0;i<msec;i++)

for(j=0;j<1275;j++);

}

void lcdcmd(unsigned char item)  //Function to send command to LCD

{

dataport = item;

rs= 0;

rw=0;

e=1;

delay(1);

e=0;

}

void lcddata(unsigned char disp)  //Function to send data to LCD

{

dataport = disp;

rs= 1;

rw=0;

e=1;

delay(1);

e=0;

}          

void main() 

{  

  while(1)

  {

    unsigned int i,s,test_final,test_final_1,test_final_2,test_final_3,test_final_4,test_final_5;

    lcdcmd(0x38);  // for using 8-bit 2 row mode of LCD

     delay(100);

      lcdcmd(0x0E);  // turn display ON for cursor blinking

       delay(100); 

        lcdcmd(0x80);              

          delay(25);

          for(i=9959;i>0;i--)

             {    

                  lcdcmd(0x01);       

                 test_final=i;               

                 s=test_final/10000;                                                

                  if(s!=0)

                      {

                           lcddata(s+48);

                          delay(6000);

                      }

               else

                     {                            

                            s=test_final/1000;

                            test_final_1=test_final%1000;

                             test_final_2=test_final_1/100;

                             test_final_3=test_final_1%100;

                             test_final_4=test_final_3/10;

                             test_final_5=test_final_3%10;

                            lcddata(s+48);

                             lcddata(test_final_2+48);

                              lcddata(test_final_4+48);

                              lcddata(test_final_5+48);                           

                             delay(6000);

                      }                                

            }

   }

               

}       

// for 60 second delay(1 minute) == ms dealay 6000

                      

HOW CONVERT ARRAY OF ELEMENTS INTO DECIMAL VALUE

Convert Array data to an decimal number

In some programs it is necessary to convert the array elements into an integer value like receive value from keyboard and set the value as input for countdown timer.4x3 or 4x4 matrix keypads will give one key value at one time and LCD Display also display only one number at a time. So  if we need to display keyboard value 5432 you need to convert separate value of 5,4,3,2 into 5432 to set the timer. You can use this program for convert array elements to an integer.

Microcontroller AT89C51:

Microcontroller AT89C51 is at the heart of the circuit. It is a low power, high performance, 8-bit microcontroller with 4 kB of flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM) used as on-chip program memory, 128 bytes of RAM used as internal data memory, 32 individually programmable input/output (I/O) lines divided into four 8-bit ports, two 16-bit programmable timers/counters, a five-vector two-level interrupt architecture, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. A 11.0592MHz crystal (XTAL1) is used to provide basic clock frequency for the microcontroller. Capacitor C3 and resistor R3 form the power-on reset circuit, while push-to-on switch S20 is used for manual reset.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):

Liquid crystal display a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computers.LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.

The liquid crystals can be manipulated through an applied electric voltage so that light is allowed to pass or is blocked. By carefully controlling where and what wavelength (color) of light is allowed to pass, the LCD monitor is able to display images. A back light provides LCD monitor’s brightness.Other advances have allowed LCD’s to greatly reduce liquid crystal cell response times. Response time is basically the amount of time it takes for a pixel to “change colors”. In reality response time is the amount of time it takes a liquid crystal cell to go from being active to inactive. Here the LCD is used at both the Transmitter as well as the receiver side. The input which we give to the microcontroller is displayed on the LCD of the transmitter side and the message sent is received at the receiver side which displays at the receiver end of the LCD and the corresponding operation is performed.

They make complicated equipment easier to operate. LCDs come in many shapes and sizes but the most common is the 16 character x 4 line display with no backlight. It requires only 11 connections – eight bits for data (which can be reduced to four if necessary) and three control lines (we have only used two here). It runs off a 5V DC supply and only needs about 1mA of current. The display contrast can be varied by changing the voltage into pin 3 of the display.

 Power Supply Unit

The power supply unit is used to provide constant 5 V dc supply to the peripherals. The 230 V ac is converted into 9 V ac by using a transformer and then a bridge rectifier rectifies it to a 9 V dc with ac ripples. This is then filtered by electrolytic capacitors used across the rectifier output. LM7805 regulator is employed to obtain a constant 5 V dc at the output.

 Convert Array data to an decimal number Program:

 #include<reg51.h>

sfr lcd_data_pin=0xA0;  // data port P2

sbit rs=P3^0; // Register select pin

sbit rw=P3^1; // Read write pin

sbit en=P3^6; // Enable pin

void delay(unsigned int msec)    //delay function

{

int i,j;                                   

for(i=0;i<msec;i++)

for(j=0;j<1275;j++);

}

void lcd_command(unsigned char comm) // function to send command to LCD

{

lcd_data_pin=comm;

en=1;

rs=0;

rw=0;

delay(1);

en=0;

}

void lcd_data(unsigned char disp)    // function to send data on LCD

{

lcd_data_pin=disp;

en=1;

rs=1;

rw=0;

delay(1);

en=0;

}

void main()

{

 unsigned int i,s,test_final,test_final_1,test_final_2,test_final_3,test_final_4,test_final_5;

unsigned int value[4]={5,4,3,2};

while(1)

{

lcd_command(0x38);  

delay(5);

lcd_command(0x0F);      

delay(5);

lcd_command(0x80);

delay(5);

  i=value[0]*1000+value[1]*100+value[2]*10+value[3];

                  test_final=i;               

                  s=test_final/10000;                                               

                   if(s!=0)

                    {

                      lcd_data(s+48);

                       delay(250);

                    }

                   else

                     {                            

                            s=test_final/1000;

                            test_final_1=test_final%1000;

                             test_final_2=test_final_1/100  

                             test_final_3=test_final_1%100;

                              test_final_4=test_final_3/10;

                             test_final_5=test_final_3%10;

                            lcd_data(s+48);

                             lcd_data(test_final_2+48);

                               lcd_data(test_final_4+48);

                                 lcd_data(test_final_5+48);                           

                                                                  

             }                                

    }

}