ABSTRACT:
Automatic
Night Lamp with Morning Alarm System is a simple yet powerful concept, which
uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual works are 100%
removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the
visible region of our eyes. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant
Resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes. It automatically
switches OFF lights whenever the sunlight comes, visible to our eyes and
activates the morning alarm. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because nowadays the manually
operated street lights are not switched
off even the sunlight comes and also switched on earlier before sunset. In this
project, no need of manual operation like ON time and OFF time setting. LDR and
transistor are the main components of the project. The resistance of light
dependant resistor (LDR) varies according to the light falling on it. This LDR
is connected as biasing resistor of the transistor. According to the light
falls on the LDR, the transistor is operated in saturation and cut off region.
This transistor switches the relay to switch on / off the light. This project
uses regulated 12V, 750mA power supply. 7812 three terminal voltage regulator
is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to
rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/18V step down transformer.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
S.NO
|
COMPONENTS
|
RANGE/TYPE
|
QUANTITY
|
1
|
IC
|
IC 7806,IC NE555,UM66
|
1,1,1
|
2
|
Transistor
|
BC 548
|
2
|
3
|
LDR
|
-
|
2
|
4
|
Diode
|
IN4007,IN4001,Zener diode(3.3V,0.5W)
|
4,2
|
5
|
Resistor
|
1K,150K,120K,220Ω,580Ω,560Ω
|
2,2,1,1,1,1
|
6
|
Capacitor
|
1000µF,0.01µF
|
1,2
|
7
|
LED
|
white
|
1
|
8
|
Transformer
|
230/18V
|
1
|
9
|
Power supply
|
230V
ac,50Hz
|
1
|
10
|
Battery
|
9V
|
1
|
11
|
Loudspeaker
|
-
|
1
|
COMPONENT DETAILS:
555 TIMER:
The 555
Timer IC is available as an 8-pin metal can, an 8-pin mini DIP
(dual-in-package) or a 14-pin DIP.
This IC
consists of 23 transistors, 2 diodes and 16 resistors. The explanation of
terminals coming out of the 555 timer IC is as follows. The pin number used in
the following discussion refers to the 8-pin DIP and 8-pin metal can packages.
UM 66 :
It is the simplest melody
generator circuit you can make using an IC.The
UM66 series are CMOS IC’s
designed for using in calling bell, phone and toys. It has a built in
ROM programmed for playing music. The device has very low power consumption.The
melody will be available at pin3 of UM66 and here it is amplified by using Q1
to drive the speaker.
IC 7806:
7806
is a 3-terminal positive voltage regulator designed with built in internal
current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe-area compensation for maximum
flexibility and safety .
With
adequate heat sinking provided, USM 7806 can deliver up to 1.5A output current.
USM 7806 can be used as fixed voltage regulator in a wide range of applications
where local voltage regulation is preferred for elimination of noise and
distribution problems associated with single-point regulation. USM 7806 can
also be used (by adding external components) to obtain adjustable output
voltages and currents.
ZENER
DIODE:
A Zener
diode is a type of diode that permits current not only in theforwarddirection
like a normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage ilarger
than the breakdown voltage known as "Zener knee voltage" or
"Zenervoltage". The device was named after Clarence Zener, who
discoverethis electrical property
BC548:
The exact specs of a
given device depend on the manufacturer. It is important to check the datasheet
for the exact device and brand you are dealing with. Philips and Telefunken are
two manufacturers of the BC548.
CIRCUIT EXPLANATION:z
This circuit automatically
turns on a night lamp when bedroom light is switched off. The lamp remains ‘on’
until the light sensor senses daylight in the morning. A super-bright white LED
is used as the night lamp. It gives bright and cool light in the room. When the
sensor detects the daylight in the morning, a melodious morning alarm sounds.
The circuit is powered from a
standard 0-9V transformer. Diodes D1 through D4 rectify the AC voltage and the
resulting DC voltage is smoothed by C1. Regulator IC 7806 gives regulated 6V DC
to the circuit. A battery backup is provided to power the circuit when mains
fails. When mains supply is available, the 9V rechargeable battery charges via
diode D5 and resistor R1 with a reasonably constant current. In the event of
mains failure, the battery automatically takes up the load without any delay.
Diode D5 prevents the battery from discharging backwards following the mains
failure and diode D6 provides current path from thebattery. The circuit
utilises light-dependant resistors (LDRs) for sensing darkness and light in the
room.
The resistance of LDR is very high in
darkness, which reduces to minimum when LDR is fully illuminated. LDR1 detects
darkness, while LDR2 detects light in the morning. The circuit is designed
around the popular timer IC NE555 (IC2), which is configured as a monostable.
IC2 is activated by a low pulse applied to its trigger pin 2. Once triggered,
output pin 3 of IC2 goes high and remains in that position until IC2 is
triggered again at its pin 2. When LDR1 is illuminated with ambient light in
the room, its resistance remains low, which keeps trigger pin 2 of IC2 at a
positive potential. As a result, output pin 3 of IC2 goes low and the white LED
remains off. As the illumination of LDR1’s sensitive window reduces, the
resistance of the device increases. In total darkness, the specified LDR has a
resistance in excess of 280 kiloohms. When the resistance of LDR1 increases, a
short pulse is applied to trigger pin 2 of IC2 via resistor R2 (150 kiloohms).
This activates the monostable and its output goes high, causing the white LED
to glow.
Low-value capacitor C2
maintains the monostable for continuous operation, eliminating the timer
effect. By increasing the value of C2, the ‘on’ time of the white LED can be adjusted to a predetermined time.
LDR2 and associated components generate the morning alarm at dawn. LDR2 detects
the ambient light in the room at sunrise and its resistance gradually falls and
transistor T1 starts conducting. When T1 conducts, melody-generator IC UM66
(IC3) gets supply voltage from the emitter of T1 and it starts producing the
melody. The musical tone generated by IC3 is amplified by single-transistor
amplifier T2. Resistor R7 limits the current to IC3 and zener diode ZD limits
the voltage to a safer level of 3.3 volts. The circuit can be easily assembled
on a general-purpose PCB. Enclose it in a good-quality plastic case with
provisions for LDR and LED. Use a reflective holder for white LED to get a
spotlight effect for reading. Place LDRs away from the white LED, preferably on
the backside of the case, to avoid unnecessary illumination. The speaker should
be small so as to make the gadget compact.
ADVANTAGES:
Highly sensitive
Works according to the light intensity
Fit and Forget system
Low cost and reliable circuit
Complete elimination of manpower
Can handle heavy loads up to 7A
System can be switched into manual mode
whenever required
APPLICATIONS
Bed Rooms
Hostels and Hotels
Balcony / stair case / parking
Lightings
Street lights
Garden Lights
CONCLUSION:
Thus the working of the automatic night
lamp with morning alarm was explained in detail.
thanxxx
ReplyDeleteDear Administrator of this blog Your uploaded circuit image is very small and its hard to read whats in noted there So I request to you a larger image for making this circuit i hope you are send it to my mail Id as Sudheervdm@gmail.com
ReplyDeletehai sudheer thank you for your information.the image was corrected now and you can download it from the above link......
ReplyDeleteDear Administrator of this blong Your upload circuit 9V using,but i want circuit 230V Ac current So I request to you a 230V using circuit i hope you are send it to my mail Id as prakasham94@gmail.com
ReplyDeletehai Prakash ram,
ReplyDeleteif you want to automatically operate a ac lamp in night times and off in day time you may sea the project" Automatic street light controller" or " SEASON BASED STREET LIGHTSWITCHING BASED ON SENSORS" in the page project report.It was very helpful to you
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