Friday, 4 January 2013

ECE PROJECT ABOUT ACCIDENT ALERT WITH AUTOMATIC DIALER



ACCIDENT ALERT WITH AUTOMATIC DIALER
New generation of cars are improved in such a way that the number of accidents decreases. Innovative ideas has implemented and emerged in order to reduce the risk of accident. During the recent past years, some alarm system and intelligent controlled apparatus have been designed and developed in order to increase the safety of automobiles.
Security in travel is primary concern for everyone. This Project describes a design of effective alarm system that can monitor an automotive / vehicle / car condition in traveling. The project name “ACCIDENT ALERT WITH AUTOMATIC DIALER” shows that project is designed to prevent the accident and to inform emergency about an accident that has occurred.
This project uses a glass breakage sensor that detects breakage of glass and smoke detector that detects any smoke due to fire in the vehicle. These sensors send a signal to microcontroller. A DTMF dialer is connected to the microcontroller. A basic telephone unit is interfaced to the DTMF dialer chip that sends call to the predefined mobile or emergency number and informs about this accident.Sometimes, vehicles large in size (i.e. trucks, loading vehicles) have problems in driving the vehicle. There are some points which are not visible from driver’s seat, these are called blind points. Some time, objects or vehicles very near to truck got accident. This problem is called blind spot. Some time due to fog vehicles are not visible up to very less distance, an accident can occur due to this. While driving at night there can be a short nap to driver due to which accident can occur. Sometimes there are 4 wheelers having one headlight not working due to this they appear to be 2 wheelers and tend to cause accidents. To prevent the vehicle from accident, proximity detector used in this project that detect an object through its range and alert the driver
The block diagram shows the main contents used in project. The project includes 9 volt power supply system that provides power supply to the project. At the input of microprocessor, three detector circuits used to apply and according to their output alarm and dialer circuit works. The main contents of the project taking part in construction are:-
1.    Power supply system
2.    Various sensors used in project
3.    Microcontroller
4.    Dialer system  
Power supply system
The 230V AC mains supply is stepped down to 5V AC using step-down transformer X1. The output from the secondary of the transformer is rectified by a bridge rectifier and filtered by capacitor. The filtered output is regulated by regulator IC to obtain the required 5V
VARIOUS SENSORS USED IN PROJECT
A sensor is a device which measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. For example, a mercury thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy, all sensors need to be calibrated against known standards.
The sensors used in project are given below:-
1. Smoke detector
2. Proximity sensor
3. Glass breakage detector
1. SMOKE DETECTOR
As it is mentioned previously that smoke detector is a circuit that used to detect any smoke in the particular range. Smoke detector circuit uses an IC 555 that is a timer IC. This circuit uses a very simple approach to detecting smoke in the air. It uses an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) as a light detector. As fire smoke comes across the LDR range, the resistance of the LDR changes, which in turn trigger an alarm.
 2. PROXIMITY SENSOR
The proximity sensor used in the project is a long range IR transmitter circuit. This is an ULTRASONIC SENSOR work on a principal similar to radar. Here a detector circuit is used that will give long range detection.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The circuit uses three infrared transmitting LED's (IR1, IR2, and IR3) in series to increase the radiated power. Further to increase directivity and power density, in circuit, IR LEDs inside the reflector of torch can assemble. For increasing the efficiency a MOSFET (BS170) is used, which acts as a switch and thus reduce the power loss that would result if a transistor were used. To avoid any dip during its “ON/OFF” operation, a 100μF reservoir capacitor C2 is used across the power supply. Capacitor C2 supplies extra charge during switch on operation. 
As the MOSFET exhibits large capacitance across gate source terminals, a special drive arrangement has been made using NPN-PNP DARLINGTON PAIR of BS547 and BS557 (as emitter follower), to avoid the distortion to the gate drive input. Data to be transmitted is used for modulating the 38 kHz frequency generator by CD4047 (IC1).
In the receiver section, TSOP1738 is used for efficient reception. The transmitter circuit transmit the IR waves towards the target and in receiver section, receiver receive the IR signals with variations and give suitable output to the microprocessor.
3.GLASS BREAKAGE DETECTOR
Schematic diagram of glass breakage detector is shown in the fig. below
A switch is fitted in closed condition below glass. As far as switch is closed current is flowing through resistor R and output is 1. When glass breakage occurs, switch gets open and output is 0, which is detected by microcontroller. According to the output of glass breakage detector, microcontroller gives automatic dialing.
Microcontroller
Microcontroller is a on-chip computer or single chip computer. This small device is used to control event, processes and objects. Another term to describe micro-controller is embedded controller because the microcontroller and its support circuits are often built into, or embedded in, devices they control.
Any device that measures, stores, controls, calculates and displays information is a candidate for putting microcontroller inside. Microcontroller contains memory, I/O interfaces in addition to the C.P.U. Because the amount of memory and interfaces is limited so microcontrollers are used for smaller system
In this project, microcontroller 8051 is used.
 DIALER SYSTEM
Dialer system in this project is used to dial the number prescribed or predefined. As the microcontroller produces the active output for dialer, it starts automatic dialing to the predefined number that is store in the dialer system of project. DTMF dialer chip UM91214C is used in the project for DTMF dialing.

Related Projects:
Vehicle Accident Prevention Using eye Blink Sensor

1 comment:

  1. Can the moderator post a valid or working schematic of the whole project. Specially the connections/interface of every circuits.

    ReplyDelete

Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger...